What is Bios? How bios works on a computer?
Bios works on
computer:
Ø The BIOS (Basic Input/Output System) is a
fundamental part of a computer's operation, typically stored on a motherboard's
EEPROM (Electrically Erasable Programmable Read-Only Memory). Here’s how it
works and its role in the computer system:
1.Initialization:
Ø When you power on your computer, the BIOS
initializes essential hardware components such as the CPU, RAM, storage
devices, and peripherals. This process is known as the Power-On Self-Test
(POST).
2.Bootstrap
Ø Loader: After the POST, the BIOS searches for
the bootloader program. The bootloader is stored on a specific location on the
storage device (like the Master Boot Record on a hard drive or the EFI
partition on a UEFI system) and is responsible for loading the operating system
into memory.
3.Configuration:
Ø The BIOS provides a way to configure hardware
settings through a setup utility, which you can access by pressing a specific
key (like Del, F2, Esc) during the boot process. This setup utility allows
users to change settings related to CPU clock speed, RAM timings, boot device
priority, and more.
4. Security:
Ø Modern BIOS versions (especially UEFI) include
security features such as Secure Boot, which ensures that only trusted
operating system loaders, drivers, and option ROMs (firmware extensions) can be
executed during the boot process. This helps prevent malware from tampering
with the boot process.
5. Updating BIOS:
Ø Manufacturers periodically release updates to
the BIOS to add new features, support new hardware, or fix bugs. Updating the
BIOS typically involves downloading a BIOS update file from the manufacturer’s
website and using a utility provided by the manufacturer to install the update.
6. Legacy and UEFI:
Ø Traditional BIOS (Basic Input/Output System)
has largely been replaced by UEFI (Unified Extensible Firmware Interface) in
modern computers. UEFI offers a more advanced interface and more capabilities
compared to BIOS, including support for larger hard drives, faster boot times,
and additional security features.
Overall, the BIOS is critical for initializing
hardware and launching the operating system. Its role has evolved with
technological advancements, but its core function of facilitating the boot
process and configuring system settings remains fundamental in all computers.
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